丁稷骞 2024-6-17 14:06
【人文】法国摩纳哥意大利三国16天自驾游记之四，比萨佛罗伦萨篇--2[105P]
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皮蒂宫（碧丽宫）及波波里后花园：
这座宫殿本是佛罗伦萨著名的梅迪奇家族的住所。
看这座宫殿的设计就知道主人家的地位和品位一定不凡:在佛罗伦萨，你可能再也找不到如此宏伟的建筑了。
整个建筑大胆的采用直线和对称的设计，房屋前方广场设置了大型的喷泉。房屋建造的所有细节都采用大块的石块，唯一的掉了就是镶嵌在窗户底部的石狮子。这样不拘小节的设计风格反而让整个房屋不仅看起来落落大方，更表现出恢弘的气势来。
宫殿用作博物馆之用，二楼的画廊和三楼的艺术馆都珍藏着不少名家之作。同时，这座博物馆里也展出银器和马车的相关展品。
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花之圣母大教堂(又译百花大教堂、佛罗伦萨大教堂)：
是佛罗伦萨的地标，外观以粉红色、绿色和奶油白三色的大理石砌成，展现着女性优雅高贵的气质，故称为"花的圣母寺"(Santa Maria del Fiore)。
与罗马帝国的万神殿、文艺复兴盛期的圣彼得大教堂，并称古代欧洲的三大穹顶。
百花圣母大教堂穹顶上的巨型壁画《最后的审判》是16世纪艺术巨匠瓦萨利的心血之作。从佛罗伦萨百花圣母大教堂开始，欧洲建筑正式从"哥特时代"进入"文艺复兴时代"。
百花圣母大教堂是1296年由Arnorfo di Cambio负责建造的，中央巨大圆顶是由名建筑家布鲁内列斯基(Brunelleschi)所建造的第一座文艺复兴式圆顶，共花了十四年的时间才完成，是文艺复兴圆顶建筑的楷模。米开朗基罗在计划设计圣彼得大教堂的圆顶时曾说过:"我可以盖个比翡冷翠教堂圆顶更大的圆顶，但绝无法及上它的美。"
教堂建造于1248年，佛罗伦萨人为了显示自己的地位，想把教堂的穹顶建为当时世界上最大的穹顶，尽管教堂完工的日期又因此被推迟了将近二十年，但是这一切都是值得的，这座前后花了一百五十多年时间，经过好几代人的努力才最后完工的大教堂已经成了佛罗伦萨的代名词。
若想登上大教堂的屋顶，可从其右侧内的礼拜堂左边走廊进入，登上463级的阶梯，越往上楼梯越狭窄。需要预约。我们预约的时间就在日落前，在教堂屋顶看全城、观日落。
教堂正面经两次改建，教堂后博物馆里(Museo dell'Opera del Duomo)收藏了许多伟大的艺术品。
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乔托钟楼(Campanile di Giotto)：
百花大教堂旁边的82公尺高塔，由建筑家乔托于1334年开始建造，外观是一个四角形的柱状塔楼，把粉红、浓绿和奶油三种颜色，以几何学的配色方式调合，和旁边的百花教堂十分和谐，底部还有精致的浮雕，内部有楼梯可达顶部，共有290阶。
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