opiio88 2024-6-15 10:48
[一代综师]【人文】渭南巩义郑州淮阳鹿邑南京--1[107P]
从汉中至渭南：335，4:41
从海拔500多，到1600，翻越秦岭，隧道一个接一个。汉中市区出来不久，就限速80。
本来准备住在渭南，可到鼓楼看了后，觉得这个城市很一般。看时间才14:15，便决定向郑州靠拢。于是，171公里，2:18，来到了三门峡。
今天开了7小时的车。
住三门峡市区。
渭南鼓楼：
坐北朝南，下部为高约七米的台基，上部为重檐歇山式的琉璃瓦房顶。
相传，此楼始建于隋大业九年（613），位于当时县城的中心，明洪武年间进行扩建。嘉靖三十四年（1556）十二月，华州大地震时毁坏，次年又进行重建，清代也曾维修过。
在鼓楼下方的正中间，有南北向的券形门洞，门洞上方镶嵌着“渭南县”三字题刻，门洞两侧分别镶嵌着“三秦要道”和“八省通衢”四字题刻，均为光绪初年的渭南知县张国钧所写。这些题刻不仅成为渭南的象征，而且展现了当地重要的地理位置，四通八达，兵家必争。
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到了三门峡，还是去的时候吃羊肉串的这家：
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第35，5月17日，从三门峡到巩义康百万庄园：184公里，2:16
至宋陵6.3，0:16；
至杜甫故里。
1、康百万庄园：
门票53元，停车10元。
4A级，全国重点文物保护单位，与四川刘文彩庄园、山东牟二黑庄园，被称为全国三大庄园，位居三大庄园之首，被誉为豫商精神家园，中原古建典范。
位于河南巩义市康店镇，距市区4公里，庄园始建于明末清初，由十九部分组成，占地240余亩，是十七、十八世纪华北黄土高原封建堡垒式建筑的代表。它的石雕、木雕、砖雕，被誉为中原艺术的奇葩。此外康氏家族以财取天下之抱负，利逐四海之气概，历经四百年而不衰，成为豫商成功的典范，康百万庄园也被誉为“豫商家园”。
“康百万”是明清以来对康应魁家族的统称，巩义康家，上自六世祖康绍敬，下至十八世康庭兰，大胆开拓，勇于创新，一直富裕了十二代、四百多年，历史上曾有康大勇、康道平、康鸿猷等十多人，都被当地百姓称为“康百万”。1900年八国联军攻入北京，慈禧太后带着光绪皇帝仓皇西逃，在第二年也就是1901年经巩县也就是现在的巩义回銮北京。由于当时河南闹饥荒，财政亏空，当地的知府无力接待，于是就让康家出资迎驾两宫。慈禧与光绪到巩义之后，在康家修建的“行宫”里住了一个晚上。在第二天临走时，康家的当家人康鸿猷又通过李莲英向慈禧捐献了100万两白银。慈禧非常高兴，就说了一句“不知此地还有百万富翁”，从此“康百万”这个封号就借慈禧的金口愈加名扬天下了。
康百万庄园既保留了黄土高原民居和北方四合院的形式，又吸收了官府、园林和军事堡垒建筑的特点。它依“天人合一、师法自然”的传统文化选址，靠山筑窑洞，临街建楼房，濒河设码头，据险垒寨墙，建成了一个各成系统、功能齐全、布局谨慎、等级森严的、集农、官、商为一体的大型地主庄园，它的石雕、木雕、砖雕，被誉为中原艺术的奇葩。全庄园由占地240余亩，保存下来的主要有住宅区、栈房区、作坊区、南大院、祠堂区等十大部分、33个庭院、53座楼房、97间平房、73孔窑洞，共571间，建筑面积64300平方米。令人吃惊的是如此庞大的建筑群仅有一个入口。没有知情认路人带领，陌生人极难找到出口，弯弯曲曲地穿行在庄园里，宛如走进了一个大迷宫。与绝大部分有钱人家所建的房屋不同，康家庄的建筑风格可谓别具风采。它的大门入口可以与古代的城门媲美，入口两侧均有主墙相依。门里还有一个仿照北京长城的了望台而建的居高临下的观景台。进入门里，拾级而上便来到观景台。在台上远眺，绵延的邙山山脉一览无余，远处洛水的潺潺声也渐渐入耳，可谓风景绝妙！
中原地区历来为兵家必争之地，战乱频仍。康家为保护万贯家业，也因为奉行留余思想，因此在建造庄园的同时也设计了多处藏宝洞。目前对外正式开放的有栈房区的地下金银库和主宅区一院“藏宝洞”两处康家当年藏宝之地。这是康氏“富时藏宝”和“乱时出逃”双重作用的神秘通道。从历史上，康家借助明清官盐“官督商办”、与朱明后人联姻、大开漕运通山东、借清廷镇压白莲教、捻军之机和迎驾慈禧光绪这六次重大机遇，大胆经营，不断扩张，农、商、官结合，相互发展、相辅相成，其核心特色可以归纳为十六个字：扑捉商机，紧抓机遇，大胆开拓，广置土地。最终使康家成为中原巨富、豫商第一人。
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